A good tashreeh (تشریح) has six parts: حوالہ (the lesson and author), سیاق و سباق (where the passage sits), مشکل الفاظ (hard words), وضاحت (the explanation), مثال (an example from real life) and a one-line خلاصہ (the lesson it teaches). Write it in Urdu, in your own words, and keep the passage's central idea in front.
Many students copy the passage again in slightly different words and call it a tashreeh. Examiners see hundreds of those. The students who score well do something different: they place the passage, explain its idea, and prove they understood it.
Step 1: حوالہ (reference)
Start with the lesson's name and the author. For example:
حوالہ: سبق «تشکیلِ پاکستان»، مصنف میاں بشیر احمد۔
If you know the book the lesson comes from, add it. «تشکیلِ پاکستان» is taken from «کارنامۂ اسلام».
Step 2: سیاق و سباق (context)
In one or two sentences, say what comes just before and after the passage. This shows the examiner you know the lesson, not just the lines.
Step 3: مشکل الفاظ (hard words)
Explain two or three difficult words with simple meanings. Keep it short: word — meaning.
Step 4: وضاحت (explanation)
This is the main part. Explain the idea in the passage in your own words. Look for a contrast or a turning point inside the line: that is usually what the author wants you to notice.
Step 5: مثال (example)
Give one example from everyday life, ideally from a student's life. It proves you understood the idea instead of memorising it.
Step 6: خلاصہ (conclusion)
End with one sentence that states the lesson the passage teaches.
A solved example
Passage from «تشکیلِ پاکستان»:
«ملک ہاتھوں سے گیا، ملّت کی آنکھیں کھل گئیں۔»
حوالہ: سبق «تشکیلِ پاکستان»، مصنف میاں بشیر احمد۔
سیاق و سباق: 1857 کے بعد مسلمانوں کی حکومت ختم ہو گئی اور وہ مایوس تھے؛ یہ جملہ سرسید کی کوششوں کا نتیجہ بیان کرتا ہے۔
وضاحت: حکومت چھن جانا بڑا نقصان تھا، مگر اسی صدمے نے قوم کو خوابِ غفلت سے جگا دیا اور وہ اپنی حالت بدلنے کے لیے اٹھ کھڑی ہوئی۔
مثال: جیسے امتحان میں ناکامی کے بعد طالب علم پہلی بار سنجیدگی سے پڑھنا شروع کرتا ہے۔
خلاصہ: نقصان کبھی کبھی بیداری کا سبب بن جاتا ہے۔
Notice what makes this answer work: it names the contrast inside the line (a loss that became an awakening) and links it to history, then to a student's life.
Common mistakes in the exam
- Rewriting the passage instead of explaining it.
- Skipping the حوالہ. It is the easiest part to get right; never leave it out.
- No example. An example is often what separates an average answer from a strong one.
- Writing too long. A focused tashreeh of about a page beats three pages of repetition.
Quick revision
- حوالہ → سیاق و سباق → مشکل الفاظ → وضاحت → مثال → خلاصہ
- Find the contrast or turning point in the line.
- One real-life example, one-line conclusion.
See this method used on a full lesson, with a second solved tashreeh and practice questions, in the free lesson «تشکیلِ پاکستان».