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Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed: who are the Martians?

Your guide: Miss RabiaReads every story twice: once for fun, once for the paper.

Sixty million miles from home

A rocket lands in a Martian meadow. Out step Harry Bittering, his wife Cora and their three children. Harry's first words on Mars? “Let's get back on the rocket.”

They have come over sixty million miles to escape a war on Earth. They build a small white cottage and eat good breakfasts. But Harry's fear never leaves. He feels like a salt crystal in a mountain stream, being washed away.

Then the news comes: atom bombs have hit New York and every space rocket is gone. They are stranded. Harry wants to build a rocket and go home. Mars has other plans.

Author: Ray Bradbury. Theme (from your book): Harry clings to his Earth ways, but slowly the whole family changes and loses its Earthliness. You cannot stay the same in a new world.

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Notes, short questions and MCQs

Read the full notes: key terms, model answers and MCQs with answers

Sixty million miles from home

A rocket lands in a Martian meadow. Out step Harry Bittering, his wife Cora and their three children. Harry's first words on Mars? “Let's get back on the rocket.”

They have come over sixty million miles to escape a war on Earth. They build a small white cottage and eat good breakfasts. But Harry's fear never leaves. He feels like a salt crystal in a mountain stream, being washed away.

Then the news comes: atom bombs have hit New York and every space rocket is gone. They are stranded. Harry wants to build a rocket and go home. Mars has other plans.

Author: Ray Bradbury. Theme (from your book): Harry clings to his Earth ways, but slowly the whole family changes and loses its Earthliness. You cannot stay the same in a new world.

Key terms

Harry Bittering
The father. He is afraid of Mars from the first minute and fights to stay an Earthman. He eats only frozen Earth food and tries to build a rocket home. In the end he changes the most.
Cora Bittering
The mother. She is calm and practical: “Chin up, Harry. It's too late.” She thinks Mars is safer than an Earth at war, and she accepts the new life long before Harry does.
Sam
One of the men sitting at ease on the grocery-store step. He offers Harry metal for five hundred dollars and hands him a mirror. His eyes have already turned yellow.
The rocket
Harry's hope of going home. He starts building it, the town men only watch, and by summer the frame begins to rust. When the rocket rusts, the hope rusts with it.

Short questions with model answers

  1. Q1. Why did Harry want to go back to the Earth?

    • Fear: the Martian air might “draw his soul from him”
    • “We're Earth people. This is Mars.”

    Harry felt that Earth people did not belong on Mars. He feared the Martian air would wash away who they were, like salt in a stream.

  2. Q2. What was the condition of the Bittering family on hearing the news of the war on the Earth?

    • Laura: sobbing, “We're stranded on Mars, forever”
    • Harry: drenched in fear, but comforts her

    They were shocked and afraid. Laura sobbed that they were stranded forever; Harry, drenched in fear, still comforted her and said the rockets would come.

  3. Q3. What was the advice Harry gave to the people?

    • Build a rocket
    • Reason: “If we stay here, we'll all change.”

    He told them to build a rocket and go back, because if they stayed on Mars, something in the air would change them all.

Common mistakes

  • ✗ Writing that the Martians killed the settlers, or that a plague did.

    ✓ Nobody killed them. The “Martians” in the hills are the settlers themselves, changed by Mars. Only the rescuers guess at a plague.

  • ✗ Writing that the rescue rocket came six years later.

    ✓ Five years later. Other numbers to keep straight: over sixty million miles, a thousand settlers, five hundred dollars for the metal.

  • ✗ Exercise 5: “He drenched in the hotness of his fear.”

    ✓ The fear did it to him, so use the passive: “He was drenched in the hotness of his fear.” The same goes for “The boards were warped out of shape.”

MCQs

  1. 1. Which city was attacked, according to the radio flash?

    1. (a) Texas
    2. (b) Virginia
    3. (c) New York
    4. (d) New Jersey
    Show answer

    (c) Laura sobs: “Atom bombs hit New York! All the space rockets have blown up.”

  2. 2. For how many dollars did Sam offer to sell the metal?

    1. (a) two hundred
    2. (b) three hundred
    3. (c) four hundred
    4. (d) five hundred
    Show answer

    (d) Five hundred dollars, and he joked that Harry could build a rocket alone in about thirty years.

  3. 3. What did Harry see when Sam handed him the mirror?

    1. (a) grey hair
    2. (b) flecks of gold in his blue eyes
    3. (c) a Martian behind him
    4. (d) nothing had changed
    Show answer

    (b) There were little, very dim flecks of new gold in the blue of his eyes: the first sign that he was changing too.

  4. 4. In which season did Mr. Bittering stand “very dark now, very golden-eyed”?

    1. (a) winter
    2. (b) summer
    3. (c) autumn
    4. (d) spring
    Show answer

    (c) Summer burned the canals dry and rusted the rocket; in the quiet autumn he stood dark and golden-eyed.

  5. 5. Who were the dark, golden-eyed “Martians” living in the hills?

    1. (a) the original Martians
    2. (b) the Earth settlers, changed
    3. (c) the rescue team
    4. (d) people from another planet
    Show answer

    (b) The settlers had become the “native life”. The rescuers could not recognise them, which is the story's twist.

Quick revision

  • The Bitterings flee a war on Earth to Mars; after atom bombs hit New York, they are stranded.
  • Harry fights the change and tries to build a rocket, but his eyes turn golden, the rocket rusts and he says, “We're not going.”
  • Five years later, the rescuers mistake the changed settlers for Martians. Theme: a new world slowly changes who we are.